![]() ![]() These data indicate that despite the low proportion of eggs surviving the digestive tract of birds, endozoochory might provide a potentially overlooked dispersal mechanism of Prussian carps. Birds exhibit strong preference for fish eggs, while cyprinids produce hundreds of thousands of eggs at a single spawning event. In 2020, scientists demonstrated that a small proportion of fertilized Prussian carp eggs ingested by waterfowl survive passing through the digestive tract and hatch after being retrieved from the feces. Prussian carps are highly invasive fish species in areas outside its native range. ![]() Originally from Siberia or central Europe, they have been introduced to and are now inhabiting lakes, ponds, and slow-moving rivers throughout Europe, North America, and Asia. They are omnivorous and feed on plankton, invertebrates, plant material and detritus. ![]() They are usually silver, although other color variations exist. It is a medium-sized cyprinid, and does not exceed a weight of 3 kilograms (6.6 lb) and a length of 45 centimetres (18 in). The Prussian carp, silver Prussian carp or Gibel carp ( Carassius gibelio), is a member of the family Cyprinidae, which includes many other fish, such as the common carp, goldfish, and the smaller minnows.
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